ABSTRACT
Background: Substantial improvement can be brought about in the hospital inventory and drug expenditure by inventory control techniques. These include ABC (always, better and control), VED (vital, essential and desirable) and ABC-VED matrix analysis. The objective of the study was to categorize the drugs based on cost and criticality and identify those which require stringent managerial control.Methods: ABC analysis according to drug expenditure, VED analysis according to criticality of the drugs, ABC-VED matrix analysis to classify drugs into category I, II and III was done for drug store of a tertiary care teaching hospital of North India for the period of April, 2018 to March, 2019.Results: The total number of the drug items used by the drug store was 315. The total drug expenditure was Rs. 9,61,29,859. By ABC analysis, it was found that 15.24%, 22.54% and 62.22% items belonged to A, B and C category respectively, accounting for 70%, 20% and 10% of Annual Drug Expenditure (ADE). VED analysis showed that 31.11%, 60.32% and 8.57% were V, E, and D category items respectively, accounting for 30.44%, 57.12% and 12.44% of ADE. By ABC-VED matrix analysis, 42.86%, 52.38% and 4.76% items were category I, II and III items respectively, accounting for 78.91%, 20.15% and 0.94% of ADE.Conclusions: The study depicted the items belonging to category I which requires top managerial control, also the items belonging to categories II and III which require control by middle and lower managerial level respectively.
ABSTRACT
Background: The study was done to assess the awareness and compliance of patient safety measures among healthcare providers and patients in a tertiary care hospital in India, ascertain the gap in both the aspects, if any and recommend the measures to improve the same.Methods: Cross sectional study in which patient safety survey was administered to random sample of 400 healthcare providers and 200 inpatients. The awareness was assessed through predefined questionnaires and compliance was assessed by observation, demonstration of processes, audit of patient files and interview of patients. Descriptive statistics analyzed with SPSS. Data was analyzed using frequencies, percentages and using Chi-square test.Results: The level of awareness was acceptable among healthcare providers, but the compliance was not satisfactory. Thus, gap was significant for certain parameters. The range of awareness among the patients was wide as study included patients of varying demographic and educational level. The range of compliance was also wide but was low. Thus, the gap was significant.Conclusions: As a result of continuous training of the healthcare providers, the awareness was satisfactory but on the other hand, they were not complying which may be due to workload, forgetfulness, lack of resources etc. On the other hand, the level of awareness was found to be low among patients and compliance was further lower down the ladder which may be due to difference in education, socioeconomic status, hesitation to enquire etc.